Wednesday, May 13, 2020

`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` - 1229 Words

Everyone will die one day. It is a true, but unpleasant fact. Since death is therefore universal, it is easy to understand why a theme of death occurs so often in films and literature. Poetry is no exception to this trend. Poetry is filled with references to death or dying, as death is one of the most significant human conditions. A number of poets in particular have used death frequently in their writing. Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas are two of those poets. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830 and lived in Massachusetts. Much of her work had strong themes of death and it is believed now that she was depressed. Her poetry consists mostly of slant rhyme or near rhyme, which is seen in her famous poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†. Dylan Thomas was born in 1914 and was from South Wales. He struggled with alcoholism for much of his life. When he wrote his famous poem â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night† his father was in the midst of a battle with cance r and it is believed the poem is about his father. These two poems both have a theme of death and explore human mortality, however each poet has a different approach to this theme. â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† explores the issue of death and human mortality as concepts not to be feared, but as ordinary occurrences. The poem is set in a quatrain with iambic meter. The speaker in this poem is recounting the day she died. This woman’s death is personified as a carriage driver, whom she refers to as Death. TheShow MoreRelated`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``880 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is an aspect of life that everyone becomes acquainted with sooner or later. The poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† by Emily Dickinson, is seen as a reflection of the passing of time in one s life while living. No one knows when it is their time to die, and we live everyday as if tomorrow it promised. Dickinson is saying that since we as humans tend to live on the expectation for tomorrow, we don t think about the end of our life or when it will be. That time will stand still whenRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death1444 Words   |  6 PagesBecause I could not stop for Death In Emily Dickinsons poem Because I could not stop for Death the main theme seems to be the acceptance of Death. Emily gives reference to the theme by using death in the first line. The poem is unique and interesting because she presents Death in a different way by referring to it as an escort taking her on a journey towards eternity rather than making it seem like something frightening. Each stanza of the poem breaks down the journey through the stagesRead More`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``1354 Words   |  6 PagesBecause I could not stop for Death is one of the most puzzling poems Emily Dickinson wrote. â€Å"Scholars who stress these subversive qualities note that this poet appropriated conventional language, images, and themes and twisted them, disrupting their usual meaning.† (Dunlap, 2) In this poem, she describes death in hindsight. She commentates the experience play by play, chronicling her actions and vision from the time he arrived to pick her up i n his carriage to her final resting place. In theRead More`` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``876 Words   |  4 Pages We cannot leave death of death can â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson has written in 1863. Emily Dickinson was born in 1830-86, she is one of the greatest poets in American literature. Dickinson wrote love poems which it indicates strong attachment because of this it s difficult to know if does poems where subjects of her feelings or just part of her poetic imagination. The different tension that comes from her work is due to the cause of not accepting orthodox religion, â€Å"theRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death700 Words   |  3 PagesRead over Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson. 1. List as many examples of metaphors and similes as possible. The carriage, in stanza 1, is a metaphor for a hearse. When they â€Å"passed the setting sun† (12) it implies that she has finally died. When they â€Å"paused before a house that seemed / A swelling of the ground† (17-18), the word house is a metaphor for grave. 2. Explain the personification. In Emily Dickinsons poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, death is personifiedRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop For Death1886 Words   |  8 PagesEvery major religion has an answer to what is expect in death. However, contrary to major religious beliefs the reality is that no one knows when death will come or exactly what death entails - because those that die cannot communicate with the living. This is precisely the issue that Emily Dickinson tackles in her poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†. The speaker begins by offering a sanguine outlook in the eyes of death, however, the speaker eventually rejects her initial optimism. DickinsonRead MoreAnalysis Of Because I Could Not Stop For Death963 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† and â€Å"The Bustle in a House† are two poems by Emily Dickinson that portray death in very different ways. â€Å" Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is written from the perspective of a woman who has recently died about her eternal journey with a kind Death. â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† on the other hand, is about how one reacts to the death of a loved one. Through these two poems, Dickinson employs literary devices such as personification and metaphor to portray two differentRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``870 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of death all ring loud and clear in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, Donne’s â€Å"Death, be not proud†, and Cherry’s â€Å"Alzheimer’s†. The poems are not explicitly about the act of dying, but death is personified or even foreshadowed in the work. Each piece has a different tone when referencing Death. Two of the poems reference Death by name, the last poem doesn’t specifically speak about dying or death per se, but based on the title, â€Å"Alzheimer’s†, it is clear that death is imm inentRead MoreAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death2013 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. One often used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many different ways. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who uses death as the subject of several of her poems. In her poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death, death is portrayed as a gentleman who comes to give the speaker a ride to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops herRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop Death By Emily Dickinson989 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop Death† by Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poems since high school. I chose this poem due to the fact that that Emily Dickinson is one of my favorite poets, I personally love her dark, and mysterious poems. Indeed, people believed she was a little messed up in the head, but I believe she was just misunderstood. Additionally, this poem definitely brought back terrifying memories. When couple years ago, I got into a horrible car accident with a drunk driver,

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934 Free Essays

The S. A. was, essentially, the private army of the NSDAP. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934? or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the years of endemic violence in Germany after its defeat in the First World War until 1925, and again after 1930, after the prosperity brought by the Young plan evaporated with the Wall Street Crash of October 1929, such private armies were commonplace, and indeed necessary. Many members of the S. A. had come out of the defeated German army, and were in effect mercenary thugs. The principal attraction of the S. A. to many of its members was not the political ideology of the party for which it worked (although a great many of them were probably Nazi sympathizers), but rather its pomp, regalia and display (the S. A. wore the uniform of the defeated German army, evoking patriotic spirit among both its members and the general public), which were used to great effect to boost party membership (indeed, this was one of the main aims of the S. A.) and to attract new sympathizers. The main job of the S. A. was to provide security for the Nazi party, particularly at its rallies, which could easily have been ruined with the presence of a few hardcore opposition supporters intent on causing damage to their political enemies; equally, the S. A. was designed to disrupt the meetings of opposition parties, and to attack (physically, rather than verbally) their politicians, and, particularly when the Nazis were in power, the Jews. The S. A. offered stability to its members, in a time at which unemployment was astronomically high; it also gave a sense of purpose to its more politically motivated members, who may well have felt that they were fighting for the good of the Fatherland. Indeed, the ideologies of members of the S. A. varied widely, from the nationalist conservatives in the army whose views verged on the fascist, to those with strong socialist sympathies, such as Rohm, the leader of the S. A. until the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ in June 1934. b. Explain the reasons why the Wall Street Crash was important to the success of the Nazis after 1929. The main effect of the Wall Street Crash of October 1929 on the politics of Germany was the polarization of political opinion that it caused. The Crash caused the United States to recall the loans that it had made to Germany (and to other European powers, although they were less badly affected than Germany because they owed less money to the US, as Germany was being rebuilt almost entirely with US money after the war), thus causing economic chaos. A banking crisis led to a sharp drop in spending, causing businesses to go bankrupt, and thus causing mass unemployment. The people that lost out the most were the middle classes, as the very rich had enough money that they could get by easily, and the poor were mostly agricultural workers, who could survive by subsistence farming and selling their goods, which were essential to everyone. Almost all of the more enthusiastic supporters of the democratic Weimar republic also came from the middle classes, and with the collapse in their way of life caused by the Wall Street Crash and subsequent financial crisis in Germany, the government inevitably shouldered much of the blame. With most of the government’s support having evaporated, people inevitably looked to alternative systems of rule – principally those at almost diametrically opposite ends of the spectrum: the nationalist ultra-conservative Nazi party, who promised to sort out the country, and the Communists and Socialists (Russia had been unaffected by the Wall Street Crash, owing to the fact that private ownership of land – and thus the mortgages upon which people in Germany had to default – was forbidden). It is worth remembering that the Nazi party was not the only party to which people turned in the times of hardship after the Wall Street Crash. While the support for Weimar universally collapsed, both the Communists and Nazis gained seats in the September 1930 Reichstag elections (although the Nazis did so in far greater quantity – their number of seats rose by 983% in the elections, as opposed to the Communists’ relatively meagre forty-three percent rise). However, it is certain that this huge rise in popularity was caused, for the most part, by the middle classes deserting Weimar, and giving their support to the Nazi Party, which was, after all, far more respectable than the Communist Party. So convinced were many industrialists (notably the Thyssen and Schnitzler families) by Hitler’s anti-communist promises that they gave large sums of money to the Nazi party, a fact which demonstrates the respect given to the Nazi Party by many people held in high regard. While the Wall Street Crash was a principal factor in the rise of the Nazi party, it was by no means the only one. The death in October 1929 of Gustav Stresemann, the extremely able Chancellor, struck another blow to the Weimar government, contributing to its loss of popular confidence. He was succeeded by Brunning, who imposed a rigorous economic policy of cuts, enforced by presidential decree from the aging von Hindenburg, which, although they may have been a possible solution to the economic problems of Germany, were deeply unpopular, and meant that still fewer middle class people supported the democratic system of government. His foreign policy, however, was remarkably similar to Hitler’s – he talked of remilitarizing the Rhineland, and even of Anschluss with Austria. The blaming of the Communists and consequent elimination of opposition in the next elections after the Reichstag fire was also an extremely important factor in the NSDAP’s gaining a majority in the Reichstag and thus eventual power, with Hitler as Chancellor. The Wall Street Crash was thus important to the rise of the Nazi party after 1929 because it resulted in an economic crisis in Germany, which precipitated a loss of confidence in the Weimar government from the middle classes. The hard times in Germany led to political polarization, and, while the Nazis were not the only beneficiaries of this, they certainly received a boost in their levels of support. However, it was not the only reason for their rise to power – the Reichstag fire and thus the elimination of opposition to the Nazi party, and before that, the death of Stresemann, both contributed to the NSDAP’s rise to power. How to cite Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?, Papers

Monday, May 4, 2020

Problem Formulation Research free essay sample

This paper will cover GPS Monitoring in Pinellas County for sex offenders. During the summer of 2006 election was heating up in reference to sex offenders and monitoring GPS devices. Proposition 83, called for Jessica’s Law was on the California ballot. The reason for this proposition was to have all sex offenders wear this device and be monitored at all times. Other states wanted this proposition to pass so it could be enforce in their state. During the 2006 election proposition 83 received a lot of attention throughout the state for Jessica’s Law. In this section I will identify the purpose of the research study, the research problem if any, and the research questions. The crime analyst of San Diego Julie Wartell was asked to conduct this research and conduct a variety of maps and analyses to show policymakers, law enforcement, community organizations a clear understanding of Jessica’s Law. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Formulation Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This research of the geographic information system (GIS) was able to provide a percentage of registered sex offenders who were living in areas of concern of Jessica’s Law. There have been many jurisdictions across the country that has been using the geographic information system. The purpose for this research was to advise the communities how restriction will affect recidivism. The analyst of Jessica’s Law provided information on location availability for sex offender residency if this law passed. This analyst was conducted to educate the San Diego community and law enforcement to show o possible problems that the city may face. The maps were provided after the analyst was done to show the areas that could and could not be available for sex offenders. The study was provided to illustrate how using mapping and spatial analysis can help. This information gives us the ability to understand the effects of sex offender’s residency restriction. Describe the theoretical concept The concept was to provide a clear understanding on how the Jessica’s Law can work and provide information on where sex offenders are living and where they can’t live. With the information provided with the analysis it shows restriction on how the sex offenders being monitored with a device can be tracked at all times. The GIS and global positioning system can identify potential housing locations and analyze sex offenders. Identify an operational definition used by the research When monitoring sex offender’s law enforcement use an enormous amount of spatial information. This data becomes overwhelming and it can be a challenge to determine which locations is more important to cover than others. The data provides analysis needed for tracking where the offenders are provides tracking information from up to a querying 4 hours for a single parolee will yield approximately 240 GPS coordinates and the device can take up to 15 minutes to track the query. Could the research problem, questions, and theoretical concepts have been formulated differently or improved? The research provided for the analysis and the concept behind the issues was formulated to understand how the Jessica’s Law would work. There were some minor issues that could have been done differently such as monitoring the GPS tracker in all areas of San Diego County. There were some areas that the tracker was not able to provide a trace on a sex offender if he lived in an area where he could not be monitored. This would be an advantage for the registered sex offender. The research program could have implemented experimental functions or evaluations on the monitoring system. The analysis formulated the risk factors contributing to the recidivism of Sex Offenders. The analyses are factors that were stable risk factors were also acute risk predictors. The information provided along with the analysis and the approval from the proposition was done without failure. The theoretical concept was formulated to understand. These factors are also labeled and sex offender’s recidivism is associated with a number of static and dynamic factors. The GPS tracking system does have a disadvantage only when the areas in San Diego could not be monitored. If a sex offender wanted to live in an area where he or she could not be monitored with the GPS system then the likelihood of the offender being involved in child abductions is high. The only issue that could be solved is not let the offender dictate where they want to live. The monitoring device will dictate the areas where the offenders can be monitored. Conclusion The information that was provided for GPS monitoring was a benefit for states to adopt. The Jessica’s Law will have protection for other kids. The sex offenders who have been convicted for the crimes they have done will now be monitored at all times. This proposition was important and should be enforced around the state. During the analysis for the GPS monitoring device it showed how many states wanted the proposition to pass during the 2006 election.

Saturday, March 28, 2020

Hick allegations on how a perfect God might allow evil

John Hick is a contemporary philosopher who sheds light on theodicy. Hick’s view on soul-making is one that agrees with the Augustinian theodicy. According to Hick, the project of soul-making is a worldly-based conception. This concept implies that the world is the ideal place designed by God for soul-making. Hick adamantly argues that the world is a suffering place, where all kinds of temptations and evil take place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hick allegations on how a perfect God might allow evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hick views are that soul-making is a process where man grows spiritually and also morally. This process must include earthly suffering. Hick’s theodicy centers on the belief that one becomes a better being after experiencing suffering. An example of this growth is a person’s virtues and character. There are concerns that Hick philosophy on evil is an Irenaean-o riented theodicy. However, a critical analysis of Hick’s philosophy corresponds greatly with that of Origen theodicy. Origen perceives the problem with evil started at the beginning of the creation. This fact is part of biblical teachings. Another similarity between Origen and Hick is that they both perceive the world as the place for soul making. More importantly, both philosophers believe that the soul-making process on earth is a continuous creation process by God. Many of the Christians would want to refute Hick’s claims. Many of the Christians still believe that to be created in the image of God refers to being perfect. On the other hand, Hick insists that the perfection in creation is to be achieved through learning and gaining knowledge about God. It is difficult to account for the reality of evil as a contemporary Christian. Hick’s project on soul-making does not correspond to God’s nature of being absolute good and powerful. At this point, Hick s ounds more of an atheist. Whether, Hick arguments illuminates the reality of evil or not, his sentiments are apologetic to atheism. Hick uses two approaches to provide an insight to the reality of evil and its significance in relation to the powerful God. Firstly, Hick borrows his arguments from Augustinian theodicy. Augustinian theodicy claims that God does not bring upon the humans. Basically, God has provided humans with free will. Therefore, humans are able to choose right from wrong. In this revelation, Augustine argues that it is only through the redemption by Jesus Christ. Through redemption, people become whole and perfect again. Interestingly, Hick seems to refute these claims, known to be the core fundamentals in Christian faith.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For many years, the Christian faithful have followed the biblical teachings that claim that humans are perfect bei ngs through salvation. Many if the Christians including the Catholics believe that evil came into being as a result of the original sin. The original sin came into existence when man rebelled against God. Prior to this rebellion, other angelic creations had brought evil and rebelled against God in what is historically referred as the great fall. In this context, the Christian faith believes that punishment in an eternal is for those who continue sinning. However, Hick continues to refute such claims by claiming that there was a huge purpose for the beginning of evil. Does this mean that evil was a God’s plan? To show how God is uses evil to envision a perfect being, Hick uses the Irenaeus theodicy. Just like Hick, Iranaeus believes that the fall of man by acts of sin is not a loss to God. At this point, Hick justifies his arguments by asserting that God knew that man was spiritually incomplete. Therefore, through evil, turmoil and suffering, man becomes mature spiritually and can trust in God again. It seems to Hick that creating into the image of God is entirely different from being like God. Of more importance to Hick, soul-making edifies the purpose of life to man. According to Hick, the moral and spiritual growth of mankind is the main reason for God creating mankind. To any mature or rational Christian, Hick allegation makes sense at greater length. However, Hick’s allegations try to undermine the role of Jesus Christ whom Christians believe to be the reconciler of man and God. At some length, Hick allegations are an example of man’s own effort and struggle to being a perfect being just like God. Such claims are not of the Christian faith, which claims that man can only be saved by Jesus Christ. The reason for Hick refuting Augustinian view on evil is disturbing. All Christians know why evil befell mankind. Universally, Christians believe that God is the ultimate symbol of absolute righteousness and goodness. To associate evil with Go d’s plan of perfecting his creations is an atheist approach to ridicule Christianity. Hick makes God liable to the existence of evil on earth. To use Hick’s allegations on the existence of evil as a plan of God is confusing to Christians. It would be disturbing to imagine that God, who holds absolute power over all creations, would use evil as a way of perfecting mankind. From this aspect, Hick allegations pass as mere heresy and are unfounded on Christina faith.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hick allegations on how a perfect God might allow evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The continuing undermining of the historical fall of mankind by Hick takes a scientific and philosophically dimension. To do so, Hick uses the evolution theory and the notion that man is unable to bleed sin within a perfect context. To some extent, Hick description of perfection is vague. This is because he alleges that m an requires a motivation in order to sin. This may come in the form of temptations and sufferings. It is in this view that Hick traces back the reason of sinning to God. Hick theodicy raises various reasons as to what is the nature of sin. By understating that sin is inexplicable, more concern as to whether God is responsible for sin should be raised. Nonetheless, Hick does not satisfy both scientific and philosophic knowledge on how God is responsible for man downfall. In conclusion, Hick allegations are partially correct concerning the existence of evil. It should be noted that man is a God creation, and so God has control over the very creation. This means that if God never intended man not to sin, he would have made sure that the environment man lives does not make man sin. Therefore, the environment that man lives is imperfect and allows man to sin. However, man has a choice to do right within an imperfect context. Therefore, it is true according to Hick that evil existence may have a purpose to fulfill God’s intentions on man as a perfect creation. This essay on Hick allegations on how a perfect God might allow evil was written and submitted by user Jaden Santos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

RIGOBERTA MENCHU essays

RIGOBERTA MENCHU essays In recent years, a new voice has been added to the world stage. It is the voice of Latin American women. Long oppressed both by their culture and their governments, these voices have risen in protest against the inequalities and injustices that have plagued their lives. The most notable example of this new genre to emerge thus far was published in 1992 and subsequently won the Nobel Peace prize for its author, Rigoberta Menchu, a Guatemalan Indian activist. Menchu's account of life in Guatemala is a tale of horror and savagery perpetrated on all those who would dare to try to improve the lives of Guatemala's downtrodden. For the "crimes" of teaching people how to read, organizing labor, or even protesting despicable conditions, people are routinely tortured in ways that rival the Spanish Inquisition. After continuous, unbelievable torture in which he was maimed beyond belief, Menchu recounts that she watched while soldiers burned her younger brother alive (177). He was sixteen and the excuse offered for this treatment was that he was a communist. Americans like to think of themselves as the "good guys" to the country that beat Hitler, rebuilt post-World War II Europe with the Marshall Plan, and won the Cold War so that the world would be safe from tyranny of communism. What most Americans don't know even today is that there is an excellent statistical chance that the men who tortured and brutally murdered Menchu's brother learned these hideous skills in the United States. The U.S. government actually runs a school just for this purpose at Fort Benning, Georgia, the infamous School of the Americas. Publicly, the School is supposed to promote the education of Latin American leaders in the principles of democracy. It's hard for many Americans to believe that their country, which was built on the principles of liberty and justice, would engage in the activities that have been alleged by the ...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

President Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

President Gamal Abdul Nasser of Egypt - Essay Example He was born in the Bacos district of Alexandria on Jan 15th 1918 (Aburish 2004). He was the first born of thirty-year old Abdel Nasser Hussein who had been transferred to Alexandria as a postal clerk. The fact that his father's position merited transfer from one part of Egypt to another suggests a middle-class status. During that time, only upper classes had family names, the remainder of the populations, peasantry and non-aristocrats, were named after their fathers. Without a family name, he had to use his father's name, Abdel Nasser Hussein. Gamal's grandfather, Hussein Sultan, belonged to the small class of local notables and owned a few acres of land in a village where most of the inhabitants tenanted the land of rich pashas in Cairo. The pashas who comprised less than 2 percent of the population in the 1930's owned more than 65 percent of the land and employed and exploited over four million peasants who tenanted for them. A tenant farmer usually lived off two acres of land and his small share of what they produced. He hardly had any rights and when elections were held, was told to vote accordingly to the pasha's wishes. There was little social mobility since banks did not deal with the poor. As a result very few overcame their peasant background. Egypt has been rightly described by historians as a "hydraulic society", totally dependent on irrigation from the Nile river. Five percent of the land was intensively farmed and it happened to be the only part that was cultivated. Apart from agriculture, the country had no other resources. Years of drought and the threat of crop failure forced many farmers including Hussein Sultan who owned small plots of land to adopt other vocations to protect themselves. Adbel Nasser Hussein married above his class. Adbels wife was the daughter of a wealthy coal merchant, Mohamed Hamad and seemed to be homely person who did the duty of a wife. When she died in 1926 leaving eight year old Gamal and his three younger brothers, Gamal had been living in Cairo with his paternal uncle Khalil (Aburish 2004). According to rumour Gamal's father did not tell him about his mother's death for months and did not get a chance to attend the funeral. It is still left to speculation as to why Gamal was in Cairo. If Fahima was ill then she could not look after him. Or, Gamal showed much promise in academics and his parents decided to send him to a better school in a bigger city. Whatever the truth, there is little doubt that Fahima was a major influence in her son's life and contributed to his education. Her forty dollar monthly income, received from her family, went to educate her four children. Fahima's noble gesture was returned with Gamal's interest in his studies. There is also speculation that Fahima was responsible for sending Gamal to a school superior to the Koranic one in Beni Mur. Gamal felt deeply saddened at not being informed of his mother's death when his father remarried two years later. In the Arab world it is not unusual for widowers to remarry after their spouse's death. It's quite common to see the children of widowers to be looked after by relatives and other people. The carrier of bad news is usually frowned upon. Even after learning of his mother's demise Gamal continued to live with his relatives but the event left a deep mark in his psyche. Gamal Nasser, or

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Fire Resistant Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fire Resistant Design - Essay Example Fires are arguably the biggest hazard in terms of engineering difficulty. With winds, earthquakes and storms, the change is only in terms of the loads upon a structure. The behavior of the structure and the materials in it is mostly the same, thus precautionary measures are easier to engineer and hazard predictions can be made. In case of fires, the material properties themselves change. The major structural materials – steel, concrete, wood and masonry – all lose their structural integrity and strength as temperatures are raised higher and higher and beyond a certain limit, each of these materials is no longer able to sustain the loads that they need to bear. Another important feature that needs to be focused on is that these materials are usually not used by themselves; rather they work in conjunction with each other, e.g. steel reinforcement of concrete pillars. When such a structure is subjected to higher temperatures, the steel and the concrete might be, by themselves, within their usable limit, but the bonding interface between the two materials may cause failure. As more and more complex designs are being made, joining of varied materials is becoming a very important field in itself. Although the joining materials might be stronger than the materials joined at room temperatures, yet th ey might lose their joining ability at lower temperatures than the temperature at which the joined materials lose their integrity. With higher and higher focus on cost reduction, designers and engineers are being pushed to replace fire emergency equipment and repair costs with nothing i.e. they are being asked to use materials which can resist fires without damages. Thus fire resistant design is very important. This paper focuses on the different methods of assessing the high temperature properties of a certain structure, setting up experiments for the assessment, and it also focuses on different case studies shedding light on the properties of